Table #5:  Frequency of Specific Ethical Violations

CRS Subparagraph Violation

The 2003 Study

Dr. Handelsman’s 1997 study

G- Standards of Practice

44.3 percent

91.6

I- Dual Relationship

31.5

25.6

H- Competence

20.0

30.5

Q- Sexual Contact

18.3

24.1

SEC. 220- Database Listing Violation

15.7

19.7

SEC. 218 – Confidentiality

13.6

14.8

O- Mandatory Disclosure Violation

12.3

14.8

K- Failure to Terminate

8.1

11.3

E- Drugs or Alcohol

6.8

3.9

L.5- Failure to get Consultation

6.8

3.0

L- Failure to Refer

6.4

13.3

Table #5:  General Sample Characteristics

The 2003 Study

Dr. Handelsman’s 1997 study

Number of total sanctioned violations

235

203

Gender distribution

Males 55.7 percent

Females 43.0 percent

(n=231)

Males 62.5

Females 37.5

(n=200)

Average age of those receiving disciplinary actions (i.e. sanctions)

49.51 years

(n=195)

46.2

(n=132)

Average time span from degree conferral to receiving sanction (AKA “years since degree”)

15.64 years

(n=132)

14.7

(n=127)

Average number of years from receiving licensure to receiving the sanction (AKA “years since licensure”)

6.48 years

(n=192)

9.30

(n=98)

Table #7:  Sanctions Imposed

Level of Sanction

The 2003 Study

Dr. Handelman’s 1997 Study

1.  Letter of Admonition

26.0

34.0

2. Probation

Continuing Education

Restricted Practice

Therapy

Community Service

Practice Monitoring

Practice Evaluation

Mental Status Evaluation

Suspension of License

49.4

1.3

48.1

The total probation percentage in this study was obtained by summing both restricted practice and continuing education percentages.  No data from other sub-categories was obtained.

42.4

17.7

15.3

24.6

1.0

38.9

12.8

16.3

3.0

Percents are for all resulting sanctions (n=203).  Note in this study multiple sanctions for a given offense were measured therefore the cumulative percent is greater than 100 (i.e. in some cases a combination of multiple probation activities occurred).  The mean number of remedial activities was 1.94.

3. Loss of Practice:

Surrendered License

Revocation of License

Cease and Desist

24.7

1.7

11.1

11.9

23.6